Publications
Primary literature and preprints featuring the myelocyte: structure, function, kinetics, and what is currently contested.
Bainton, Ullyot, and Farquhar: azurophil granules are made only in the promyelocyte, specific granules from the myelocyte onward. The ultrastructural basis of the staging.
Dancey and colleagues: mitotic pool (promyelocytes plus myelocytes) 2.11 x 10^9 cells/kg, postmitotic pool 5.59 x 10^9 cells/kg, transit time 6.60 days, production 0.85 x 10^9 cells/kg per day.
Athens and colleagues: the first measurement of the circulating and marginal granulocyte pools in humans.
Average circulating neutrophil lifespan of 5.4 days by in vivo labeling, at least 10 times longer than earlier ex vivo estimates.
Mass cytometry identifies a proliferative preNeu that gives rise to non-proliferating immature and mature neutrophils; preNeu requires C/EBP epsilon. Mouse data.
Transcriptome across the maturation stages of human granulopoiesis.
A protein made at the myelocyte stage and packed into the secondary granules forming then.
Cowland and Borregaard review granule formation as a process tied to maturation of neutrophil precursors in marrow.
Granulopoiesis about 50 percent and erythroblasts about 32 percent of the marrow differential; high interobserver variability for single stages.
The myelocyte and its child, the metamyelocyte, are immunosuppressive in human tumors rather than passive transit stages.
Multi-omic map of the granulocyte line from progenitor to mature cell. Unreviewed.
HemaScribe and HemaScape map emergency myelopoiesis at single-cell resolution and find conserved activation modules.
A reference atlas of normal human hematopoiesis used to place AML differentiation states.
In situ labeling of human marrow precursors; revises the textbook picture of which stages divide. Contradicts the classical placement of the myelocyte as the last mitotic stage.
Tumors drive emergency granulopoiesis and reprogram marrow neutrophils while they are still in the marrow.
Immature neutrophil gene programs associate with burn mortality and recur across other critical illnesses.
Neonatal neutrophils pass through stage-specific functional states that parallel the maturation stages from myelocyte onward; antimicrobial competence is acquired late.
Neutrophil-intrinsic Vgll4 blocks STAT3/STAT5 transcription factor activity that would otherwise drive an immunosuppressive, pro-tumorigenic neutrophil state.
METTL7A-mediated m6A modification drives CXCR4hi neutrophil homing and NETosis; the epigenetic mark is acquired during the myeloid maturation program.
TNF-alpha kills neutrophils via a c-Raf-MEK1/2-p38 MAPK-caspase cascade that is distinct from necroptosis; relevant to how mature neutrophils derived from the myelocyte meet their end.